MILES OF MEANING / FIELD NOTES
Evidence records
Study methods, findings and limits, with retained source provenance.
Reviewed and authorized edition. Historical migration remains partial; missing extraction does not mean no effect.
Publication record
Reviewed: 2026-10-03T22:24:08.944Z · Authorized: 2026-10-03T23:39:57.891Z
Review: 868c60dfc2c7
Total Energy Expenditure and Water Turnover During a 322 Km Mountain Ultramarathon
EV-A0E38D4B7A25 · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Field case study; doubly labeled water
- Population
- One woman and one man completing a 322 km mountain ultra.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Energy expenditure 29,376/38,909 kcal; water turnover 35.2/47.5 L over 73.6/89.9 h.
- Limitations
- Two selected finishers, no control or intake intervention; turnover is not fluid consumed and cannot set a drinking target.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-10-02
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1152/japplphysiol.00677.2026 / 42788308
Is a Runner's Footfall Pattern a Risk Factor for a Running-Related Injury? Using Data from the 4HAIE Cohort Study
EV-F4DD08D3D381 · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Prospective observational cohort; one year
- Population
- 307 women and 431 men; 591 rearfoot, 147 non-rearfoot runners.
- Outcome and magnitude
- No statistically significant strike–injury association reported (p>.05).
- Limitations
- No randomized retraining; absence of significance does not prove equivalent injury risk.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-10-02
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1249/mss.0000000000004155 / 42789782
Neurophysiological and neuromuscular responses associated with the repeated bout effect following eccentric exercise in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
EV-7B340045B6AF · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis; 12 studies
- Population
- Healthy adults undertaking repeated eccentric exercise.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Evoked-force estimate at 48 h: g 0.50 (95% CI 0.08–0.92).
- Limitations
- Sparse neural outcomes; an accompanying change does not establish the protective mechanism or a running dose.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-10-03
- DOI / PMID
- — / 42762323
Habitual non-rearfoot strike pattern attenuates impact loading during level and uphill running but not during downhill running
EV-4BF74A8FD495 · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Laboratory comparison of habitual strike groups across grades
- Population
- 21 rearfoot and 21 non-rearfoot runners.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Load distribution differed; downhill impact was not eliminated.
- Limitations
- Habitual groups were not randomized; no injury-prevention or race-performance trial.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-09-25
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1098/rsif.2025.1213 / 42772777
Predictive factors for running economy in female recreational runners
EV-9F8D20FD1C73 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Cross-sectional running-economy correlates in 61 female recreational runners. Association does not justify a body-composition or weight-loss prescription.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-25
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1016/j.clinsp.2026.101158 / 42762574
Preserving Sample, Interface, and Signal Fidelity in Wearable Sweat Electrolyte Monitoring During Exercise
EV-669DEF01790C · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Technical review of collection, interface and signal-processing errors in wearable sweat-electrolyte monitoring. No hydration or ultra-performance intervention was tested.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-25
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3390/bios16090523 / 42783191
The effects of brain endurance training on physical endurance performance under mental fatigue and non-fatigued conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
EV-71B42AF215ED · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Brain-endurance training: publisher text confirms 8 experiments, n=275, SMD 0.82 (0.33–1.30), I²=69%; aerobic subgroup 2 experiments, n=50, very-low certainty. Summary retained.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1858200 / —
Positive Joint Work Redistribution in Running: The Role of Plantar Flexor Fatigue and the Effect of Advanced Footwear Technology
EV-24B04CD7621A · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Primary abstract checked: 12 trained men, induced calf fatigue (~24% torque reduction), ankle −4% and knee +3% joint-work contributions; 30-second runs at 10K pace. Indirect evidence, not an ultra-training trial. Full text not reviewed.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-20
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1249/mss.0000000000004134 / 42704772
A randomized trial on thirst satiation during exercise in the heat: Effects on thermal strain, perceived concentration, and executive function
EV-D0EB1220468C · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Thirst: abstract confirms 12 men, cycling at 35°C, 25 mL every 5 minutes, oral versus intravenous administration. Lower thirst and subjective strain, no executive-function difference. No optimal ultra drinking dose established.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1177/02601060261486093 / 42720543
SRC-533875FCABBE
EV-C00714AC9F96 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Eye movements: abstract confirms 9 men, randomized double-blind crossover, 180 minutes cycling and 0.7 g/kg/hour carbohydrate. Saccade velocity fell 13% in both conditions; measured visual function was preserved.
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- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- DOI / PMID
- — / 42722356
Assessing running stability: a systematic review of methods
EV-22B829FE7EAD · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Running stability: publisher text confirms 43 studies and distinct linear, nonlinear and coordination constructs. This is a methods review, not evidence for a universal form intervention.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1186/s13102-026-02062-4 / —
SRC-3E2201EC3A58
EV-0A0E044157AD · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Microbiome: abstract confirms two post-hoc-selected runners from a 217-km race and substantial confounding. Online publication was 8 September; the December issue date is different. Direct ultra setting, very weak causal evidence.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- DOI / PMID
- — / 42711823
From Macronutrients to Functional Foods: Nutritional Strategies for Recovery Following High-Intensity Exercise
EV-A9538E3C2E77 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Recovery nutrition: primary abstract confirms a structured narrative review prioritising carbohydrate/protein. Adjunct-product evidence varies; no protocol change or full-text appraisal.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-21
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1002/fsn3.72331 / 42707668
Leveraging wearables to safeguard workers in a hotter climate
EV-ABB568913F62 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Wearable heat monitoring: publisher confirms a perspective primarily about occupational heat, with sport and desert-ultra examples. Contextual evidence, not an intervention trial or proof of wearable-guided performance benefit.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1867796 / —
Which Training Intensity Distribution Intervention will Produce the Greatest Improvements in Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Athletes? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data
EV-3FD0E177F879 · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Individual-participant-data review; 13 studies
- Population
- 296 men and 52 women; recreational and competitive endurance athletes.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Polarized versus pyramidal: VO2max SMD −0.06 (p=.68); time-trial SMD −0.05 (p=.34).
- Limitations
- Non-significance is not equivalence; subgroup findings do not identify a universal individual training split.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-09-20
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1007/s40279-024-02149-3 / 39888556
SRC-974601E41BBA
EV-AB5489AB6300 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Strength umbrella review: primary abstract reports economy benefits, but low or critically low confidence in many included reviews. Exact training doses and ultra transfer are not established.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-21
- DOI / PMID
- — / 40153564
Effect of Strength Training Programs in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners’ Economy at Different Running Speeds: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
EV-E982F8DDF098 · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Systematic review; 31 controlled studies
- Population
- Middle- and long-distance runners; 472 men, 180 women; ages 17–45.
- Outcome and magnitude
- High-load strength: running-economy SMD −0.266 (95% CI −0.516 to −0.015).
- Limitations
- Moderate certainty for this comparison; laboratory economy does not establish ultra finishing time or an optimal downhill dose.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1007/s40279-023-01978-y / —
SRC-3924C3A70D01
EV-F61371B50FBE · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Primary abstract checked: Current Opinion proposing muscle damage as a main limiter in long ultras, not a trial proving a universal hierarchy. Online October 2024; March 2025 issue. Full text not appraised.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-20
- DOI / PMID
- — / 39405022
SRC-A60DFE2188D0
EV-F1125EEBB885 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Cadence: abstract confirms 18 heterogeneous studies and typical 5–10% manipulation; long-term prospective confirmation is still needed. Record gives 17 August 2025.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- DOI / PMID
- — / 40964543
The Effect of Heat Stress and Dehydration on Carbohydrate Use During Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
EV-D1A9BA671A0F · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Primary abstract checked: 51 studies, 502 participants (31 women); heat and dehydration increased carbohydrate use. Healthy active/trained adults; exercise ≥15 minutes, not an ultra fueling-dose trial. Full text remains inaccessible.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-20
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1007/s40279-025-02294-3 / —
^{13}C-labelled glucose-fructose show greater exogenous and whole-body CHO oxidation and lower O_{2} cost of running at 120 versus 60 and 90 g·h^{-1} in elite male marathoners
EV-E703930E78CD · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Primary abstract checked: eight male marathoners compared 60, 90 and 120 g/hour with different carbohydrate ratios. Higher oxidation at 120 g/hour; GI symptoms were common and some peaked at that dose. Race-performance benefit was not established.
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- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1152/japplphysiol.00665.2025 / 41191077
The Role of Sleep on Physical and Cognitive Performance of Ultra-Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review
EV-2BED9892FDFA · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Systematic review; 16 predominantly observational studies
- Population
- Ultramarathon athletes in varied event formats.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Sleep and performance associations differ by event duration and design.
- Limitations
- Confounding and reverse causality; association cannot establish an optimal nap schedule or benefit of avoiding sleep.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-09-20
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3390/jcm15041398 / 41753086
Physiological, nutritional, and thermoregulatory responses of a world-class mountain-ultramarathon athlete during the 2025 Western States Endurance Run 100
EV-473F3DAD5C9B · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Primary abstract checked: one elite Western States runner, approximately 86 g carbohydrate/hour and a 15% normalized-speed decline. Online publication: 3 December 2025; journal issue: January 2026. This single case establishes no universal intake target.
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- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1152/japplphysiol.01048.2025 / 41334713
Effects of Cold-Water Immersion Compared with Other Recovery Modalities on Athletic Performance Following Acute Strenuous Exercise in Physically Active Participants: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
EV-E822B7C32F8D · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Cold-water review: primary abstract reports outcome-specific acute recovery benefits versus other modalities. It does not support a blanket absence of benefit, nor establish chronic adaptation or ultra-race outcomes.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-21
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1007/s40279-022-01800-1 / 36527593
Physical recovery modalities in competitive and elite endurance athletes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis finding limited evidence of benefit over passive recovery
EV-6B6590E3FFB6 · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Systematic review of 16 randomized trials; 14 in networks
- Population
- Competitive and elite endurance athletes across sports.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Compression versus passive recovery, performance: SMD 0.04 (95% CI −0.37 to 0.45).
- Limitations
- Most comparisons low/very low certainty; sparse networks, expectancy and heterogeneity limit conclusions. No general readiness test.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-10-03
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3389/fspor.2026.1876924 / —
Sleep-related metrics that predict training intensity: an exploratory study in women's college athletics
EV-42D484ADFA83 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Publisher methods/results compared with the brief. Indirect evidence; no prescription changed.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-21
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3389/fspor.2026.1849511 / —
Rethinking neurophysiology of delayed onset muscle soreness: updated concepts and mechanisms for mitigation across endurance, resistance, and plyometric exercise
EV-B34FD541B0ED · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Publisher methods/results compared with the brief. Indirect evidence; no prescription changed.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-21
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3389/fspor.2026.1709704 / —
Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations
EV-6755B0033CD3 · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Narrative review and expert consensus
- Population
- Athletes; not a single pooled participant sample.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Supports individual sleep assessment; no pooled effect estimate.
- Limitations
- Weak controls, measurement differences and limited female representation; no validated ultra nap schedule.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-09-23
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102025 / 33144349
Paper Tape Prevents Foot Blisters: A Randomized Prevention Trial Assessing Paper Tape in Endurance Distances II (Pre-TAPED II).
EV-40AFA22ECD46 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Randomized multistage trial; targeted paper tape showed benefit. Technique and comparison matter; not a universal guarantee.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-23
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000319 / —
A prospective randomized blister prevention trial assessing paper tape in endurance distances (Pre-TAPED).
EV-F8CEBCF73C3B · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Earlier randomized trial did not find significant protection; preserve the different result alongside the later study.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-23
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1016/j.wem.2014.06.013 / 25443754
International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing
EV-99D201AEF73E · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Position stand; synthesis for single-stage ultramarathons
- Population
- Single-stage ultra training and racing; multi-stage races excluded from its scope.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Individualized intake and progressive gut practice; no single pooled effect.
- Limitations
- Mixed evidence designs and indirect studies; recommendations do not validate one universal intake target.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-10-03
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1186/s12970-019-0312-9 / —
The Impact of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Dermatological Injuries on Nutritional Intake and Hydration Status During Ultramarathon Events
EV-CD5EFB3852BA · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Two observational event cohorts; complete-case analysis
- Population
- 54 multi-stage and 22 continuous 24-hour runners analyzed; 99 initially consented.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Symptoms coincided with reduced intake in the multi-stage setting; the same association was not established in the 24-hour event.
- Limitations
- Self-selected participation, missing data and confounding; no treatment comparison.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-10-03
- DOI / PMID
- — / 26767151
Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia: 2017 Update
EV-6B3C8F002595 · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- Clinical narrative review
- Population
- Exercise-associated hyponatremia; heterogeneous endurance settings.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Excess fluid intake is a key preventable risk; sodium cannot make overdrinking safe.
- Limitations
- Multiple mechanisms and clinical presentations; symptoms require assessment, not self-diagnosis or a universal fluid formula.
- Directness
- Apply only within the population and outcome above; transfer to an individual ultra plan remains conditional.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-10-03
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3389/fmed.2017.00021 / —
SRC-9580EBED40A8
EV-62FE304412A5 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
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- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-28
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-30097C5AC266
EV-0FCA61E45F60 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-28
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-F8CF9F0F8475
EV-8C5207B737D4 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-28
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-1B1C6FB77885
EV-61C39E9F496B · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
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- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-28
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
Comparison of Polarized Versus Other Types of Endurance Training Intensity Distribution on Athletes' Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
EV-5CA952530016 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Seventeen studies found a small pooled VO₂peak advantage for polarized training, while time-trial, time-to-exhaustion and second-threshold outcomes were similar to other intensity distributions.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-28
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1007/s40279-024-02034-z / 38717713
Meta-Analysis of Carbohydrate Solution Intake during Prolonged Exercise in Adults: From the Last 45+ Years' Perspective
EV-399B7BAEE25C · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Across 96 studies, carbohydrate solutions improved prolonged-exercise performance on average; heterogeneity prevents a universal intake prescription or direct ultra-distance dose claim.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-28
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3390/nu13124223 / 34959776
The Impact of Sleep Interventions on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review
EV-E7DCFC3E214E · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Sleep extension and naps were the most represented and consistently favorable intervention categories, but the review explicitly described high-quality evidence as limited.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-28
- DOI / PMID
- 10.1186/s40798-023-00599-z / 37462808
Performance Changes Following Heat Acclimation and the Factors That Influence These Changes: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
EV-43FBC878BCCB · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Pooled laboratory performance outcomes improved after heat acclimation, but effect size depended on outcome and protocol characteristics; no universal or ultra-specific schedule follows.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-28
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3389/fphys.2019.01448 / 31827444
SRC-22FEF7242FA3
EV-6BBDB2E4E158 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
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- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-30
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-949F0AF6DA5A
EV-61E95959BA1F · Historical source identity; extraction pending
The Effect of Strength Training Methods on Middle-Distance and Long-Distance Runners’ Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Mixed designs; outcome certainty ranged from very low to moderate. No ultra-race efficacy established.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-30
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-E136FED6EA76
EV-5D798B738705 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Variability in Running Economy of Kenyan World-Class and European Amateur Male Runners with Advanced Footwear Running Technology. Small male sample; treadmill economy cannot establish trail grip, injury risk or long-race durability.
Not reported or not yet extracted
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- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-30
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-52A2DAC8E4B8
EV-27894CD70971 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
The training intensity distribution among well-trained and elite endurance athletes. Descriptive logs cannot identify the best causal programme; sports, season and zone-counting methods differ.
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- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-30
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-78DDBD3C1F56
EV-D4AAFEF779FC · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Restoration of Muscle Glycogen and Functional Capacity: Role of Post-Exercise Carbohydrate and Protein Co-Ingestion. Short laboratory recovery; energy matching and carbohydrate provision affect comparisons.
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-30
- DOI / PMID
- — / 29473893
SRC-89065A5D4B2B
EV-FF1CA0BA6E7F · Historical source identity; extraction pending
The Impact of Sleep Interventions on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. Bias concerns, varied interventions and few trials; not an ultra-race sleep schedule.
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- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-30
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-6A6E24E83A40
EV-90CD1F409F64 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Consensus Recommendations on Training and Competing in the Heat. Consensus is not a randomized trial of one universal plan; conditions and individual responses vary.
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- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-09-30
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-1B2AAD37F1FD
EV-71EB61E125DA · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / 34757594
SRC-1AB24D1D97B8
EV-E1342E551D01 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
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- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-CFB2FBBADFC1
EV-69487DEF6FBB · Historical source identity; extraction pending
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- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-8634DB42254C
EV-7E9871C6136D · Historical source identity; extraction pending
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- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-1912D59F5AC0
EV-3C8E55B595DB · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / 36862831
SRC-8C16B01ADE1E
EV-7D5541C375A8 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
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- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-3AAF86E5FD04
EV-83C51B2AFBF7 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
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- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-8751C94E9B2B
EV-1DABB4F042CF · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
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- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / 33037592
SRC-682241DE1929
EV-4A0108ED9DC8 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
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- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-D2544FE5A5DD
EV-10F20957C052 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-4CBE117549A7
EV-ED445631522E · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-5DED2D0E67F4
EV-A5BD3AA95B34 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-0CD1340B7E78
EV-23740A37ED6F · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-2C1EC290B7CA
EV-22607434DFB6 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / 28177715
SRC-B826F5BB1A09
EV-DC7AB112054A · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-FBDD8AFCE035
EV-D7770D449CE6 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-7491A2344970
EV-11C7D2F86D29 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-990DC47966AE
EV-DF9724437D92 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / 42043079
SRC-E628F913AD18
EV-F93347A66EA1 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-D765D3CEEB48
EV-D3ACC3431E73 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / 42172297
SRC-3280EE71C610
EV-157DF24EF053 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / 42221209
SRC-E8D019570AF4
EV-B831A5473F25 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / 42114829
SRC-0CE4F666814D
EV-2E05F4F5FC78 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-2565DF5A27A9
EV-64266F0A14F0 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-9F9E04561B59
EV-8F5F09CD5C86 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-D467ABC3C89F
EV-2B3AAC3DBFB8 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-0875B4FF71D8
EV-AEA5FEF9DB52 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-0C0BE3570A03
EV-09EB386A42A8 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-AB2B6BC9F4FB
EV-5E3348698C72 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / 42479880
SRC-A52C53E6E193
EV-24AE91F5B3FF · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-5DE45FE481DF
EV-6FF88323CAD4 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-D51980B07816
EV-6B5618B59C87 · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
SRC-4AE3D25F3630
EV-A91C940A5A2A · Historical source identity; extraction pending
Not reported or not yet extracted
Not reported or not yet extracted
- Extracted
- Not reported or not yet extracted
- Source checked
- 2026-10-01
- DOI / PMID
- — / —
Psychological traits associated with mental and performance resilience in long-distance and ultra-endurance runners: a systematic review
EV-2D2F5F2007D3 · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- 53 studies; predominantly observational, with qualitative and mixed-methods work.
- Population
- Mixed distance-running populations.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Traits are associated with runner outcomes; observation does not show that training a trait improves performance.
- Limitations
- 50 of 53 studies had moderate or serious methodological concerns; association does not establish causation.
- Directness
- No validated ultra prescription.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-10-03
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1919146 / —
Psychological skills and mindfulness for distance runners: a systematic review of performance, psychological outcomes, and implications for coaching practice
EV-E76AD9241E0F · Reviewed structured extraction
- Design
- 15 evidence units: 11 psychological-skills and four mindfulness interventions; heterogeneous designs and outcomes.
- Population
- Mixed distance-running populations.
- Outcome and magnitude
- Mental-skills interventions show some psychological signals; reliable running-performance improvement is not established.
- Limitations
- Bias, heterogeneous outcomes and limited direct ultra evidence.
- Directness
- No validated ultra prescription.
- Extracted
- 2026-10-03
- Source checked
- 2026-10-03
- DOI / PMID
- 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1971379 / —
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